refactor: 重组项目目录结构
以讲义内容为骨架迁移到标准目录格式： - officefile/ 主内容（12章 + 附录 + CC4SI补充） - dofile/ 代码示例（11个Python脚本） - data/ 图片资源 - output/ 生成输出（忽略） - Archive/ 归档旧目录（忽略） - .claude/skills/ 保留markdown-to-docx工具链 - .pandoc/ 保留CSL和本地化配置 Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.7 <noreply@anthropic.com>
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"""
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状态机工作流示例 (State Machine Workflow Example)
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==================================================
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本示例展示如何使用状态机模式管理复杂的空间分析工作流。
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状态机是一种行为设计模式，允许对象在其内部状态改变时改变其行为。
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核心概念:
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1. 状态 (State) - 系统在特定时刻的模式
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2. 转换 (Transition) - 从一个状态到另一个状态的变化
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3. 事件 (Event) - 触发状态转换的外部或内部条件
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4. 动作 (Action) - 状态转换时执行的操作
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应用场景:
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- 空间数据处理流水线
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- 多阶段决策流程
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- 任务调度与监控
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- 用户交互流程控制
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作者: CC4SI 项目组
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"""
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from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
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from typing import Dict, List, Optional, Callable, Any
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from dataclasses import dataclass, field
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from enum import Enum
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import json
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from datetime import datetime
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# ============================================================================
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# 状态定义
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# ============================================================================
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class WorkflowState(Enum):
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"""工作流状态枚举"""
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# 初始状态
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IDLE = "idle"
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INITIALIZED = "initialized"
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# 数据处理状态
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LOADING_DATA = "loading_data"
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DATA_LOADED = "data_loaded"
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VALIDATING_DATA = "validating_data"
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DATA_VALIDATED = "data_validated"
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# 分析状态
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ANALYZING = "analyzing"
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ANALYSIS_COMPLETE = "analysis_complete"
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# 决策状态
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DECIDING = "deciding"
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DECISION_MADE = "decision_made"
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# 输出状态
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GENERATING_OUTPUT = "generating_output"
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OUTPUT_COMPLETE = "output_complete"
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# 异常状态
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ERROR = "error"
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PAUSED = "paused"
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CANCELLED = "cancelled"
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# 最终状态
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COMPLETED = "completed"
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class EventType(Enum):
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"""事件类型枚举"""
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# 控制事件
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START = "start"
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PAUSE = "pause"
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RESUME = "resume"
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CANCEL = "cancel"
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RESET = "reset"
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# 数据事件
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DATA_LOAD_REQUEST = "data_load_request"
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DATA_LOAD_SUCCESS = "data_load_success"
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DATA_LOAD_FAILURE = "data_load_failure"
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DATA_VALIDATE_REQUEST = "data_validate_request"
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DATA_VALIDATE_SUCCESS = "data_validate_success"
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DATA_VALIDATE_FAILURE = "data_validate_failure"
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# 分析事件
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ANALYZE_REQUEST = "analyze_request"
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ANALYSIS_SUCCESS = "analysis_success"
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ANALYSIS_FAILURE = "analysis_failure"
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# 决策事件
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DECIDE_REQUEST = "decide_request"
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DECISION_SUCCESS = "decision_success"
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DECISION_FAILURE = "decision_failure"
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# 输出事件
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OUTPUT_REQUEST = "output_request"
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OUTPUT_SUCCESS = "output_success"
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OUTPUT_FAILURE = "output_failure"
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# 错误事件
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ERROR_OCCURRED = "error_occurred"
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RETRY = "retry"
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# ============================================================================
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# 状态机数据结构
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# ============================================================================
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@dataclass
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class StateTransition:
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"""状态转换定义"""
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from_state: WorkflowState
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event: EventType
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to_state: WorkflowState
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action: Optional[Callable] = None
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guard: Optional[Callable[[], bool]] = None # 守卫条件
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description: str = ""
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def can_execute(self) -> bool:
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"""检查转换是否可执行"""
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if self.guard is None:
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return True
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return self.guard()
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@dataclass
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class StateContext:
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"""状态上下文 - 存储工作流数据"""
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data: Dict[str, Any] = field(default_factory=dict)
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errors: List[str] = field(default_factory=list)
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warnings: List[str] = field(default_factory=list)
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history: List[Dict[str, Any]] = field(default_factory=list)
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start_time: Optional[datetime] = None
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end_time: Optional[datetime] = None
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def add_history(self, from_state: WorkflowState, event: EventType,
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to_state: WorkflowState, timestamp: datetime = None):
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"""添加历史记录"""
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self.history.append({
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"from_state": from_state.value,
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"event": event.value,
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"to_state": to_state.value,
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"timestamp": timestamp or datetime.now()
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})
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def get_data(self, key: str, default: Any = None) -> Any:
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"""获取数据"""
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return self.data.get(key, default)
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def set_data(self, key: str, value: Any) -> None:
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"""设置数据"""
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self.data[key] = value
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def add_error(self, error: str) -> None:
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"""添加错误"""
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self.errors.append(error)
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def add_warning(self, warning: str) -> None:
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"""添加警告"""
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self.warnings.append(warning)
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# ============================================================================
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# 状态机实现
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# ============================================================================
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class StateMachine:
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"""
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状态机实现
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管理状态转换和状态相关的行为。
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"""
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def __init__(self, initial_state: WorkflowState = WorkflowState.IDLE):
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"""
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初始化状态机
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Args:
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initial_state: 初始状态
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"""
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self._current_state = initial_state
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self._transitions: Dict[WorkflowState, Dict[EventType, StateTransition]] = {}
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self._context = StateContext()
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self._state_listeners: Dict[WorkflowState, List[Callable]] = {}
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print(f"[状态机] 初始化，初始状态: {initial_state.value}")
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@property
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def current_state(self) -> WorkflowState:
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"""获取当前状态"""
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return self._current_state
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@property
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def context(self) -> StateContext:
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"""获取状态上下文"""
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return self._context
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def add_transition(self, transition: StateTransition) -> None:
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"""
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添加状态转换
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Args:
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transition: 状态转换定义
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"""
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if transition.from_state not in self._transitions:
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self._transitions[transition.from_state] = {}
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self._transitions[transition.from_state][transition.event] = transition
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print(f"[状态机] 添加转换: {transition.from_state.value} + {transition.event.value} -> {transition.to_state.value}")
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def add_state_listener(self, state: WorkflowState, listener: Callable) -> None:
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"""
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添加状态监听器
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Args:
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state: 要监听的状态
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listener: 状态进入时调用的函数
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"""
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if state not in self._state_listeners:
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self._state_listeners[state] = []
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self._state_listeners[state].append(listener)
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def trigger(self, event: EventType, payload: Any = None) -> bool:
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"""
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触发事件
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Args:
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event: 事件类型
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payload: 事件负载
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Returns:
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是否成功触发状态转换
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"""
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# 检查当前状态是否有对应转换
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if self._current_state not in self._transitions:
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print(f"[状态机] 当前状态 {self._current_state.value} 没有定义任何转换")
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return False
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if event not in self._transitions[self._current_state]:
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print(f"[状态机] 状态 {self._current_state.value} 不处理事件 {event.value}")
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return False
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transition = self._transitions[self._current_state][event]
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# 检查守卫条件
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if not transition.can_execute():
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print(f"[状态机] 守卫条件不满足，转换被阻止")
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return False
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# 执行状态转换
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old_state = self._current_state
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self._current_state = transition.to_state
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# 记录历史
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if payload:
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self._context.set_data("last_payload", payload)
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self._context.add_history(old_state, event, self._current_state)
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print(f"[状态机] 状态转换: {old_state.value} -> {self._current_state.value} (事件: {event.value})")
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# 执行转换动作
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if transition.action:
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try:
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transition.action(self._context, payload)
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except Exception as e:
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print(f"[状态机] 执行动作时出错: {e}")
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self._context.add_error(f"转换动作执行失败: {e}")
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# 触发状态监听器
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if self._current_state in self._state_listeners:
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for listener in self._state_listeners[self._current_state]:
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try:
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listener(self._current_state, self._context)
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except Exception as e:
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print(f"[状态机] 监听器执行出错: {e}")
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return True
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def can_trigger(self, event: EventType) -> bool:
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"""
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检查是否可以触发指定事件
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Args:
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event: 事件类型
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Returns:
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是否可以触发
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"""
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if self._current_state not in self._transitions:
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return False
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if event not in self._transitions[self._current_state]:
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return False
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transition = self._transitions[self._current_state][event]
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return transition.can_execute()
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def get_available_events(self) -> List[EventType]:
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"""获取当前状态下可用的事件列表"""
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if self._current_state not in self._transitions:
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return []
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available = []
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for event, transition in self._transitions[self._current_state].items():
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if transition.can_execute():
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available.append(event)
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return available
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def reset(self) -> None:
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"""重置状态机"""
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self._current_state = WorkflowState.IDLE
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self._context = StateContext()
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print(f"[状态机] 状态机已重置")
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def print_state(self) -> None:
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"""打印当前状态"""
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print(f"\n当前状态: {self._current_state.value}")
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available = self.get_available_events()
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if available:
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print(f"可用事件: {', '.join(e.value for e in available)}")
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else:
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print("可用事件: 无")
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# ============================================================================
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# 空间分析工作流状态机
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# ============================================================================
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class SpatialAnalysisWorkflow:
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"""
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空间分析工作流
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使用状态机实现的空间数据处理和分析工作流。
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"""
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def __init__(self):
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"""初始化工作流"""
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self.state_machine = StateMachine()
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self._setup_transitions()
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self._setup_listeners()
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def _setup_transitions(self):
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"""设置状态转换"""
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sm = self.state_machine
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# 启动流程
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sm.add_transition(StateTransition(
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from_state=WorkflowState.IDLE,
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event=EventType.START,
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to_state=WorkflowState.INITIALIZED,
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action=self._action_initialize,
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description="初始化工作流"
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))
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# 数据加载
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sm.add_transition(StateTransition(
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from_state=WorkflowState.INITIALIZED,
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event=EventType.DATA_LOAD_REQUEST,
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to_state=WorkflowState.LOADING_DATA,
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action=self._action_load_data,
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description="开始加载数据"
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))
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sm.add_transition(StateTransition(
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from_state=WorkflowState.LOADING_DATA,
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event=EventType.DATA_LOAD_SUCCESS,
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to_state=WorkflowState.DATA_LOADED,
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action=self._action_on_data_loaded,
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description="数据加载成功"
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))
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sm.add_transition(StateTransition(
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from_state=WorkflowState.LOADING_DATA,
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event=EventType.DATA_LOAD_FAILURE,
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to_state=WorkflowState.ERROR,
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action=self._action_on_error,
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description="数据加载失败"
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))
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# 数据验证
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sm.add_transition(StateTransition(
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from_state=WorkflowState.DATA_LOADED,
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event=EventType.DATA_VALIDATE_REQUEST,
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to_state=WorkflowState.VALIDATING_DATA,
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action=self._action_validate_data,
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description="开始验证数据"
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))
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sm.add_transition(StateTransition(
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from_state=WorkflowState.VALIDATING_DATA,
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event=EventType.DATA_VALIDATE_SUCCESS,
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to_state=WorkflowState.DATA_VALIDATED,
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description="数据验证成功"
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))
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sm.add_transition(StateTransition(
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from_state=WorkflowState.VALIDATING_DATA,
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event=EventType.DATA_VALIDATE_FAILURE,
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to_state=WorkflowState.ERROR,
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action=self._action_on_error,
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description="数据验证失败"
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))
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# 分析
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sm.add_transition(StateTransition(
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from_state=WorkflowState.DATA_VALIDATED,
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event=EventType.ANALYZE_REQUEST,
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to_state=WorkflowState.ANALYZING,
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action=self._action_analyze,
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description="开始分析"
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))
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sm.add_transition(StateTransition(
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from_state=WorkflowState.ANALYZING,
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event=EventType.ANALYSIS_SUCCESS,
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to_state=WorkflowState.ANALYSIS_COMPLETE,
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description="分析完成"
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))
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# 决策
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sm.add_transition(StateTransition(
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from_state=WorkflowState.ANALYSIS_COMPLETE,
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event=EventType.DECIDE_REQUEST,
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to_state=WorkflowState.DECIDING,
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action=self._action_decide,
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description="开始决策"
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))
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sm.add_transition(StateTransition(
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from_state=WorkflowState.DECIDING,
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event=EventType.DECISION_SUCCESS,
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to_state=WorkflowState.DECISION_MADE,
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description="决策完成"
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))
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# 输出
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sm.add_transition(StateTransition(
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from_state=WorkflowState.DECISION_MADE,
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event=EventType.OUTPUT_REQUEST,
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to_state=WorkflowState.GENERATING_OUTPUT,
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action=self._action_generate_output,
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description="生成输出"
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))
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sm.add_transition(StateTransition(
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from_state=WorkflowState.GENERATING_OUTPUT,
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event=EventType.OUTPUT_SUCCESS,
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to_state=WorkflowState.OUTPUT_COMPLETE,
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description="输出完成"
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))
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# 完成
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sm.add_transition(StateTransition(
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from_state=WorkflowState.OUTPUT_COMPLETE,
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event=EventType.START,
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to_state=WorkflowState.COMPLETED,
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action=self._action_complete,
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description="工作流完成"
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))
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# 错误恢复
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sm.add_transition(StateTransition(
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from_state=WorkflowState.ERROR,
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event=EventType.RETRY,
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to_state=WorkflowState.INITIALIZED,
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guard=lambda: len(self.state_machine.context.errors) < 3,
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description="重试"
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))
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sm.add_transition(StateTransition(
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from_state=WorkflowState.ERROR,
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event=EventType.RESET,
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to_state=WorkflowState.IDLE,
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action=self._action_reset,
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description="重置"
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))
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||||
def _setup_listeners(self):
|
||||
"""设置状态监听器"""
|
||||
sm = self.state_machine
|
||||
|
||||
# 错误状态监听器
|
||||
sm.add_state_listener(WorkflowState.ERROR, self._on_error_state)
|
||||
|
||||
# 完成状态监听器
|
||||
sm.add_state_listener(WorkflowState.COMPLETED, self._on_complete_state)
|
||||
|
||||
# ------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
# 状态动作
|
||||
# ------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
def _action_initialize(self, ctx: StateContext, payload: Any):
|
||||
"""初始化动作"""
|
||||
ctx.start_time = datetime.now()
|
||||
ctx.set_data("workflow_id", f"WF-{datetime.now().strftime('%Y%m%d%H%M%S')}")
|
||||
print(" [动作] 工作流初始化完成")
|
||||
|
||||
def _action_load_data(self, ctx: StateContext, payload: Any):
|
||||
"""加载数据动作"""
|
||||
source = payload or "默认数据源"
|
||||
print(f" [动作] 从 '{source}' 加载数据...")
|
||||
|
||||
# 模拟数据加载
|
||||
ctx.set_data("raw_data", [
|
||||
{"id": 1, "x": 10, "y": 20, "value": 100},
|
||||
{"id": 2, "x": 30, "y": 40, "value": 200},
|
||||
{"id": 3, "x": 50, "y": 60, "value": 150},
|
||||
])
|
||||
|
||||
# 模拟成功
|
||||
self.state_machine.trigger(EventType.DATA_LOAD_SUCCESS)
|
||||
|
||||
def _action_on_data_loaded(self, ctx: StateContext, payload: Any):
|
||||
"""数据加载完成动作"""
|
||||
data_count = len(ctx.get_data("raw_data", []))
|
||||
print(f" [动作] 数据加载完成，共 {data_count} 条记录")
|
||||
|
||||
def _action_validate_data(self, ctx: StateContext, payload: Any):
|
||||
"""验证数据动作"""
|
||||
print(" [动作] 验证数据...")
|
||||
|
||||
data = ctx.get_data("raw_data", [])
|
||||
valid = all("id" in item and "x" in item and "y" in item for item in data)
|
||||
|
||||
if valid:
|
||||
self.state_machine.trigger(EventType.DATA_VALIDATE_SUCCESS)
|
||||
else:
|
||||
ctx.add_error("数据验证失败: 缺少必需字段")
|
||||
self.state_machine.trigger(EventType.DATA_VALIDATE_FAILURE)
|
||||
|
||||
def _action_analyze(self, ctx: StateContext, payload: Any):
|
||||
"""分析动作"""
|
||||
print(" [动作] 执行空间分析...")
|
||||
|
||||
data = ctx.get_data("raw_data", [])
|
||||
values = [item.get("value", 0) for item in data]
|
||||
avg = sum(values) / len(values) if values else 0
|
||||
|
||||
ctx.set_data("analysis_result", {
|
||||
"average": avg,
|
||||
"count": len(data),
|
||||
"min": min(values) if values else 0,
|
||||
"max": max(values) if values else 0
|
||||
})
|
||||
|
||||
print(f" [动作] 分析完成，平均值: {avg:.2f}")
|
||||
self.state_machine.trigger(EventType.ANALYSIS_SUCCESS)
|
||||
|
||||
def _action_decide(self, ctx: StateContext, payload: Any):
|
||||
"""决策动作"""
|
||||
print(" [动作] 执行决策...")
|
||||
|
||||
analysis = ctx.get_data("analysis_result", {})
|
||||
avg = analysis.get("average", 0)
|
||||
|
||||
if avg > 150:
|
||||
decision = "高价值区域"
|
||||
elif avg > 100:
|
||||
decision = "中等价值区域"
|
||||
else:
|
||||
decision = "低价值区域"
|
||||
|
||||
ctx.set_data("decision", decision)
|
||||
print(f" [动作] 决策完成: {decision}")
|
||||
self.state_machine.trigger(EventType.DECISION_SUCCESS)
|
||||
|
||||
def _action_generate_output(self, ctx: StateContext, payload: Any):
|
||||
"""生成输出动作"""
|
||||
print(" [动作] 生成输出报告...")
|
||||
|
||||
report = {
|
||||
"workflow_id": ctx.get_data("workflow_id"),
|
||||
"data_count": len(ctx.get_data("raw_data", [])),
|
||||
"analysis": ctx.get_data("analysis_result"),
|
||||
"decision": ctx.get_data("decision")
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
ctx.set_data("output", report)
|
||||
print(" [动作] 输出生成完成")
|
||||
self.state_machine.trigger(EventType.OUTPUT_SUCCESS)
|
||||
|
||||
def _action_complete(self, ctx: StateContext, payload: Any):
|
||||
"""完成动作"""
|
||||
ctx.end_time = datetime.now()
|
||||
duration = (ctx.end_time - ctx.start_time).total_seconds() if ctx.start_time else 0
|
||||
ctx.set_data("duration", duration)
|
||||
print(f" [动作] 工作流完成，耗时: {duration:.2f}秒")
|
||||
|
||||
def _action_on_error(self, ctx: StateContext, payload: Any):
|
||||
"""错误处理动作"""
|
||||
print(f" [动作] 发生错误")
|
||||
|
||||
def _action_reset(self, ctx: StateContext, payload: Any):
|
||||
"""重置动作"""
|
||||
print(" [动作] 重置工作流")
|
||||
|
||||
# ------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
# 状态监听器
|
||||
# ------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
def _on_error_state(self, state: WorkflowState, ctx: StateContext):
|
||||
"""错误状态处理"""
|
||||
print(f" [监听器] 进入错误状态")
|
||||
print(f" [监听器] 错误列表: {ctx.errors}")
|
||||
|
||||
def _on_complete_state(self, state: WorkflowState, ctx: StateContext):
|
||||
"""完成状态处理"""
|
||||
print(f" [监听器] 工作流已完成")
|
||||
output = ctx.get_data("output")
|
||||
if output:
|
||||
print(f" [监听器] 最终输出: {json.dumps(output, ensure_ascii=False, indent=2)}")
|
||||
|
||||
# ------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
# 公共接口
|
||||
# ------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
def start(self, data_source: str = None) -> bool:
|
||||
"""启动工作流"""
|
||||
return self.state_machine.trigger(EventType.START, data_source)
|
||||
|
||||
def execute_full_workflow(self, data_source: str = None) -> Dict[str, Any]:
|
||||
"""
|
||||
执行完整工作流
|
||||
|
||||
Args:
|
||||
data_source: 数据源
|
||||
|
||||
Returns:
|
||||
执行结果
|
||||
"""
|
||||
print("\n" + "="*60)
|
||||
print("执行完整空间分析工作流")
|
||||
print("="*60)
|
||||
|
||||
# 启动
|
||||
if not self.start(data_source):
|
||||
return {"success": False, "error": "启动失败"}
|
||||
|
||||
# 等待异步操作完成 (简化版: 手动触发)
|
||||
# 在实际应用中，这些事件会由异步操作触发
|
||||
|
||||
return {
|
||||
"success": True,
|
||||
"final_state": self.state_machine.current_state.value,
|
||||
"context": self.state_machine.context.data
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
def print_history(self):
|
||||
"""打印状态转换历史"""
|
||||
history = self.state_machine.context.history
|
||||
print(f"\n状态转换历史 (共 {len(history)} 次):")
|
||||
print("-" * 70)
|
||||
for i, h in enumerate(history, 1):
|
||||
ts = h.get("timestamp", datetime.now()).strftime("%H:%M:%S")
|
||||
print(f"{i:2d}. [{ts}] {h['from_state']:20s} -> {h['to_state']:20s} ({h['event']})")
|
||||
print("-" * 70)
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
# ============================================================================
|
||||
# 主程序
|
||||
# ============================================================================
|
||||
|
||||
def main():
|
||||
"""主程序 - 演示状态机工作流的使用"""
|
||||
|
||||
print("="*70)
|
||||
print("状态机工作流示例演示")
|
||||
print("="*70)
|
||||
|
||||
# 1. 创建工作流
|
||||
print("\n[步骤 1] 创建空间分析工作流")
|
||||
workflow = SpatialAnalysisWorkflow()
|
||||
|
||||
# 2. 显示初始状态
|
||||
print("\n[步骤 2] 初始状态")
|
||||
workflow.state_machine.print_state()
|
||||
|
||||
# 3. 手动执行状态转换
|
||||
print("\n[步骤 3] 手动执行状态转换")
|
||||
|
||||
# 启动
|
||||
print("\n3.1 启动工作流:")
|
||||
workflow.state_machine.trigger(EventType.START)
|
||||
workflow.state_machine.print_state()
|
||||
|
||||
# 请求数据加载 (这将触发加载动作，然后自动触发成功事件)
|
||||
print("\n3.2 请求数据加载:")
|
||||
workflow.state_machine.trigger(EventType.DATA_LOAD_REQUEST, "sample.csv")
|
||||
workflow.state_machine.print_state()
|
||||
|
||||
# 请求数据验证
|
||||
print("\n3.3 请求数据验证:")
|
||||
workflow.state_machine.trigger(EventType.DATA_VALIDATE_REQUEST)
|
||||
workflow.state_machine.print_state()
|
||||
|
||||
# 请求分析
|
||||
print("\n3.4 请求分析:")
|
||||
workflow.state_machine.trigger(EventType.ANALYZE_REQUEST)
|
||||
workflow.state_machine.print_state()
|
||||
|
||||
# 请求决策
|
||||
print("\n3.5 请求决策:")
|
||||
workflow.state_machine.trigger(EventType.DECIDE_REQUEST)
|
||||
workflow.state_machine.print_state()
|
||||
|
||||
# 请求输出
|
||||
print("\n3.6 请求输出:")
|
||||
workflow.state_machine.trigger(EventType.OUTPUT_REQUEST)
|
||||
workflow.state_machine.print_state()
|
||||
|
||||
# 完成
|
||||
print("\n3.7 完成工作流:")
|
||||
workflow.state_machine.trigger(EventType.START)
|
||||
workflow.state_machine.print_state()
|
||||
|
||||
# 4. 显示转换历史
|
||||
print("\n[步骤 4] 状态转换历史")
|
||||
workflow.print_history()
|
||||
|
||||
# 5. 演示错误处理
|
||||
print("\n[步骤 5] 演示错误处理和恢复")
|
||||
print("\n5.1 重置状态机:")
|
||||
workflow.state_machine.reset()
|
||||
workflow.state_machine.print_state()
|
||||
|
||||
print("\n5.2 启动后触发错误:")
|
||||
workflow.state_machine.trigger(EventType.START)
|
||||
workflow.state_machine.trigger(EventType.DATA_LOAD_FAILURE)
|
||||
workflow.state_machine.print_state()
|
||||
|
||||
print("\n5.3 尝试重试:")
|
||||
if workflow.state_machine.can_trigger(EventType.RETRY):
|
||||
workflow.state_machine.trigger(EventType.RETRY)
|
||||
workflow.state_machine.print_state()
|
||||
else:
|
||||
print(" 无法重试 (已达到最大重试次数)")
|
||||
|
||||
print("\n5.4 重置工作流:")
|
||||
workflow.state_machine.trigger(EventType.RESET)
|
||||
workflow.state_machine.print_state()
|
||||
|
||||
print("\n" + "="*70)
|
||||
print("演示完成!")
|
||||
print("="*70)
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
if __name__ == "__main__":
|
||||
main()
|
||||
Reference in New Issue
Block a user